Discover if eczema is associated with a weak immune system. This video looks at why sleep deprivation may worsen skin symptoms for more information and tips that may help soothe the skin and improve sleep read my article here: https://www.avogel.co.uk/health/skin/eczema/does-eczema-mean-you-have-a-weak-immune-system
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Normally, immune cells detect and attack cancer cells. But some cancer cells can avoid detection or block an attack. Cancer treatments called immunotherapies help immune cells better detect and kill cancer.
This video has open captions.
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After a lifetime of debilitating infections, Tara Sakraida Parker found answers—and treatment—at Johns Hopkins, through immunologist Antoine Azar and the Center for Adult Primary Immunodeficiency Center.
Visit us: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/publications/hopkins_medicine_magazine/issues/winter-2019
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Immunodeficiency means immune system is unable to protect the host from disease causing agents or from malignant cells.
#agaricus #immunodeficiency #immunodeficiencydisorders #primaryimmunodeficiency #secondaryimmunodeficiencies
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS
https://youtu.be/-azY18Nz6u4
DENDRITIC CELL
https://youtu.be/DJ5On8GRwZw
AGRANULOCYTES
https://youtu.be/fMTpLypZsXA
GRANLOCYTES
https://youtu.be/YFeUI2-jiAY
PHAGOCYTOSIS
https://youtu.be/IoV7f_Iz5-U
Reference
https://amzn.to/3L6VASR
https://amzn.to/37Qg8AJ
This is an overview of primary immunodeficiency disorders.
Graphics were created or adapted from Wikimedia Commons.
This presentation was created using Google Slides.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Selective IgA deficiency Hyper IgM syndrome X-linked Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia Common variable immunodeficiency C1 esterase inhibitor 22q112 deletion / DiGeorge Severe combined Wiskott–Aldrich Ataxia–telangiectasia Chronic granulomatous disease Leukocyte adhesion Chédiak–Higashi IgE Job Terminal complement C5-C9 Primary disorders B-cell humoral immunity deficiencies T-cell cellular lymphocyte and cellular phagocytosis Most common primary antibody Dx ↓ levels everything else normal normal IgG IgM B cells Related to CVID → similar arrest of cell differentiation Recurrent mouth airway respiratory infxns GI Giardia treat with abx Recall – mucus membranes still works so most patients are healthy asymptomatic undiagnosed benign Rarely presents severe rapid seconds minutes anaphylactic reaction following transfusion blood or IVIG Pathophys Anti-IgA antibodies against the new foreign Stop transfusion Give IM epi +/- bronchodilators antihistamines pressors mechanical ventilation If necessary give IgA-depleted Antibody class switching differentiation doesn’t work Cause absence CD40 ligand ↑ IgA nl cells Minimal nonselective defense Increased susceptibility recurrent sinopulmonary infxns Viruses encapsulated bacteria Treatment scheduled XLA recessive males only BTK gene mutation defective Bruton tyrosine kinase impaired maturation Ig production Signs/symptoms sinopulm Deficiency in opsonizing IgG otitis sinusitis pneumonia encapsulated Pseudomonas S pneumo Haemophilus Symptoms begin at 3-6 months transplacental maternal fades Small lymphoid tissue tonsils adenoids spleen lymph nodes enteroviral infxn Deficient response Diagnosis IgE Confirm flow cytometry B-cells low might say CD20+ low T-cells normal/high SCIG IVIG maybe prophylactic CVID abnormal plasma Decreased Presents adults children 15-35 yo as early puberty Males females resp lung sinus ear salmonella Campylobacter Giardia presentation lungs bronchiectasis fibrosis IBD-esque chronic diarrhea Less form XLA Need least two No vaccinations Upper lower Normal number B-cells but aka thymic aplasia velocardiofacial syndrome autosomal dominant CATCH-22 syndrome Cardiac defects tet fallot trunc art VSD Abnormal facial features micrognathia wide-spaced eyes low-set ears Thymic hypoplasia absent shadow T-cell deficiency Cleft palate craniofacial deformities Hypocalcemia hypoparathyroid seizures newborn tetany within chromosome 22q11 dev pharyngeal pouches Sx Infections viruses fungus Pneumocystis PCP PCP prophylaxis TMP/SMX bone marrow stem transplant Cure thymus SCID defect often adenosine deaminase failed development dysfunction Usually “bubble boy” no immune system starting 6 months Functionally AIDS Infections bacterial opportunistic PCP crypto candida toxo TB herpes chickenpox CMV PML diarrhea failure thrive Tx TMP/SMX English Wikipedia CC0 via Wikimedia Commons WAS protein Impaired cytoskeleton changes white cells platelets WIPE Infections thrombocytopenic Purpura Fig A Eczema B Bleeding hematoma A ear atopic diseases thrombocytopenia + splenectomy Low survival rates Cerebellar ataxia Incoordination stumbling falling slurred speech Oculocutaneous telangiectasia Recessive disease DNA repair predisp malignancy specific tx IVIG XLR NAPHD oxidase anion superoxides macrophages can ingest not kill catalase-positive organisms create granulomas instead respiratory GI UT skin infections granulomas ulcerations Catalase positive organisms Staph Aspergillus Burkholderia Nocardia Serratia Immune ↑ WBC can’t clear Measure neutrophil superoxide production Flow Dihydrorhodamine nitroblue tetrazolium test negative burst daily TMP/SMX antifungal itraconazole IFN-gamma CD18 integrin leukocyte chemotaxis Neutrophils adhere vessels exit impaired extravasation proliferates skin/mucosal skin GU pulm infections pus wounds high fever Newborns omphalitis inflammation umbilical stump delayed separation cord at 2-3 weeks old Lab WBC cytokines leukocytes high neutrophils Autosomal Lysosomes fuse together large granules neutrophils Peripheral neuropathy albinism skin eyes neutropenia for infections JAK-STAT signaling impairs Th17 proliferation FATED coarse Facies prominent forehead broad nose Abscesses cold noninflammatory containing S aureus Candida retained Teeth hyper-IgE Eosinophilia Derm severe eczema ↑↑ IgE eosinophilia Th17 otherwise membrane attack complex MAC which is required lysis Susceptible gram Neisseria meningococcal gonococcal antibiotics vaccines meningococcal Assembly MAC leads pores that disrupt target leading death hereditary angioedema AD deno excess bradykinin fluid accumulates mucosa trauma stress? ACEi NSAIDs Distinct from anaphylaxis no pruritus urticaria Not allergic mediated antihistamines don’t help GI abd pain n/v/d Resp laryngospasm obstruction increased risk but related
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This video “Primary Immunodeficiency: Introduction, Cellular Distribution & Background” is part of the Lecturio course “Immunology” ► WATCH the complete course on http://lectur.io/immunology6
► LEARN ABOUT:
– Introduction to Immunodeficiency
– Distribution of Cellular Primary Immunodeficiency Defects
– Primary Immunodeficiency Background
– X-Linked Primary Immunodeficiencies
► THE PROF:
Peter Delves, Professor Emeritus of Immunology and former Vice Dean (Education) of the Faculty of Medical Sciences at University College London, is not only editor of two encyclopedias but also author of several textbooks and laboratory manuals. His special interest lies in improving an understanding of immunology through both web-based education and face-to-face interaction.
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“Examples of antibody deficiencies include when you have absent B cells such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia, impaired b cells such as common variable immune deficiency (CVID) or have selective antibody deficiency with abnormalities in shape and structure such as IgA deficiency.
For suspected antibody immunodeficiency disease important to measure immunoglobulins: Serum IgA, IgM and IgG subclasses and lymphocytes count and subsets. Remember to exclude secondary cause of low Immunoglobulins”
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Headline NTV/Politics – 21st January 2023:
Lauterbach warns of incurable immune deficiency caused by Corona
https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Lauterbach-warnt-vor-unheilbarer-Immunschwaeche-durch-Corona-article23860527.html
(Translate to English)
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes immunodeficiency in recovered patients by downregulating CD19 expression in B cells via enhancing B-cell metabolism
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00749-3
The bigger question is, why now??
Read the explanation on Substack:
https://philipmcmillan.substack.com/p/warning-from-german-health-minister
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.
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:59 Causes of Fungal Arthritis
2:24 Symptoms of Fungal Arthritis
2:38 Diagnosis of Fungal Arthritis
3:17 Treatment of Fungal Arthritis
Fungal arthritis is a rare medical condition characterized by the swelling and inflammation of a joint brought by a fungus microorganism that has invaded the body.
• There are 50,000 to 200,000 species of fungi, but only about 100 of these cause infectious diseases in humans.
• This condition most commonly affects the knee joint, although other joints may also be affected.
• Fungal infection of the joint is a very serious condition that can lead to permanent damage to the joint with loss of function, if not treated urgently and properly
• Fungal organisms that can cause fungal arthritis include Aspergillus, Candida, and Exserohilum species
• Fungal arthritis, also called mycotic arthritis affects both adult men and women of any age.
CAUSES
Fungi arthritis can be caused by any of the invasive types of fungi. The infection can result from directly injecting medications that is contaminated by fungus into the joint. In some cases, a joint can also be infected as a result of contaminated prosthesis used in joint replacement surgery. The condition can also be due to infection in an organ, such as the lungs and intestines that travels to the joint through the bloodstream
Conditions (fungal infections) that can cause fungal arthritis include:
• Candidiasis
• Sporotrichosis
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Blastomycosis
• Exserohilum rostratum, this type is the one caused by injecting the joint with a contaminated medication or vial. This, in fact, was the situation in September 2012 when contaminated vials of medications produced by a compounding pharmacy caused a multistate outbreak of rare and fungal arthritis
Risk factors associated with the condition include:
• Having a weakened immune system due to HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant, or diabetes. The risk increases if such person travels to, live, or stay in fungus endemic areas. The growth of fungus is common in geographical regions with warm and humid climate condition.
SYMPTOMS
• Pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joint
• Fever
• Swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs
• Restricted range of motion of affected joint
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
To make a diagnosis, the doctor will carry out a complete evaluation of medical history, thorough physical and joint examination. During the physical examination, the doctor may look for swelling, redness, warmth of joint, and check for range of motion.
Other diagnostic options include:
• Removal of joint fluid to look for fungus under a microscope
• X-ray of the joints
• Positive antibody test for fungal disease
• Culture of the joint fluid
• Synovial biopsy showing fungus
TREATMENT
The goal of the treatment option is to cure the infection. Fungal infection responds well to treatment with antifungal medications
In severe cases of bone or joint infection, surgery may be required to remove the infected tissue.
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This webcast will review the association between type I interferons and the development of lupus and vasculitis. Alterations in immune cell signaling and autoimmunity and immune dysregulation will also be discussed. The roll of regulatory T cells in maintain immune tolerance and preventing immune dysregulation will be reviewed as well.
Visit http://www.ccfcme.org/bioviicmevideos to claim CME credit or learn more about the Biologic Therapies VII series.
The webcast features expert faculty member, Dr. Troy R. Torgerson, of Seattle Children’s Research Institute
The video was produced by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Center for Continuing Education and RJ Fasenmyer Center for Clinical Immunology.
Interested in related CME education? Visit http://www.ccfcme.org/rheumcme
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Brief description of autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency diseases
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is quite the infamous virus, which rose to notoriety in the 1980s once it was discovered to be the cause of AIDS, a terrible disorder of the immune system. HIV is a retrovirus, so what does that mean, and how does that make the virus special? What does it do, and precisely how does it cause AIDS? This is good information for anyone to know, so let’s get a closer look now.
Script by Kellie Vinal
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IDF 2015 National Conference session, “Autoimmunity & Immunodeficiency – What’s the Relationship?” was presented by Kathleen Sullivan, MD, PhD on June 26, 2015.
